Resources

Blog-style articles that help you understand derivatives better by pricing them in Excel.

Interest Rate

Includes articles relating to working with interest rates and their derivatives in Excel through Deriscope

Ioannis Rigopoulos

PnL Explained in Excel when trading USD Interest Rate Swaps

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 In one of my earlier posts I have shown how to use Deriscope to calculate the Carry and Roll of a single interest rate swap.There, I had defined the Carry and Roll-Down CR as:CR = PV(CFinterm) + PV(T) - PV(T0)where CFinterm stands for the cash flows received between the today's date T0 and some future horizon date T (including T, but not T0)P...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Dependence of USD Interest Rate Swaps Price & Risk on Modelling Assumptions affecting the Curve Building

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In my post about USD Interest Rate Swaps in Excel, I have explained in detail how to calculate the price and risk of a single USD interest rate swap using a multi-curve approach and actual market data from Bloomberg as of 22 May 2019.A comparative analysis between the single-curve and multi-curve approach has been laid out in my post focusing on sw...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Pricing of Cross-Currency Collateralized Swaps using OIS vs non-OIS Discounting: The Mexican case.

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Last week I described the unique problem faced by interest rate swap traders when the collateral is kept in a currency different than the one where the swaps are denominated. You may want to visit that post for details on how the appropriate discounting (basis) curve in the Mexican case is constructed out of several market rates that include t...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Building in Excel the Implied Risk-Free Discounting Curve when the Collateral is kept in another Currency. Example: Mexico, where no Local OIS Market exists.

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Before the 2007-08 financial crisis, all swap cash flows were discounted with the same yield curve used in "forecasting" the future Libor rates and thus the amounts of the floating cash flows.At any given time, this yield curve was constructed so that it reproduced the market prices of the swaps traded at that time.After its construction, the yield...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Using Bloomberg Tenor Basis Swap Spreads in Excel to calculate 1M USD Libor Forward Rates

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Until the 2007-08 financial crisis, forward interest rates of any tenor had been calculated off one single yield curve. In the US, traders had been building one USD yield curve out of market-traded deposits, futures and fixed-to-3M-Libor swaps and used that curve for all purposes involving interest rate calculations, such as extracting discount fac...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Carry and Roll-Down of USD Interest Rate Swaps in Excel with Bloomberg Comparison

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In my previous two posts I have shown how to calculate the price and DV01 of a single interest rate swap and how to do so with a book containing thousands of swaps.Now I turn my attention to the calculation of the Carry and Roll-Down of a single swap, which is defined as the total amount earned (realized + unrealized) by holding a swap up to a...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

USD Interest Rate Swap: Cash Flows and DV01 in Excel using Bloomberg Market Data

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In this post I will make use of the realistic yield curves I built in Excel out of Bloomberg OIS, deposit, futures and Libor swap rates as of May 22, 2019 towards calculating the price and producing the detailed cash flows, flat DV01 and maturity-dependent DV01s of a bespoke forward starting 3-year swap.You may want to visit the respective article,...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

OIS Discounted USD Libor Curve Production in Excel for Front Office Trading

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I have already explained in my earlier yield curve building post how one can use the Excel Deriscope addin to derive the discount factors and zero rates implied by any given market rates of deposits, futures and swaps.At another post about dual bootstrapping, I calculated in Excel the price of an actual 50-year EUR collateralized swap held by ...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Perfect Bloomberg Price Match of an Interest Rate Swap in Excel by using Dual Bootstrapping

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Up until the financial crisis of 2008, the price calculation of an interest rate swap involved only the so-called Libor curve. The latter was essentially the discount factors (or equivalently zero rates or forward rates) implied by market-traded instruments, such as deposits, futures, forwards and swaps. The Libor curve was used to derive everythin...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Risk free Yield Curve Building in Excel using Negative Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rates

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Long are the dates when all-purpose risk free yield curves were produced out of deposits, futures and swaps. Since the credit crisis of 2007/08, banks realized they should use different curves for different purposes. In the intervening years, quants have proven mathematically that uncollateralized contingent flows should be discounted using a curve...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Overnight Index Swap (OIS): Pricing and Understanding using Excel

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Overnight Index Swaps (OIS) may be priced in Excel using the free and open source derivatives analytics QuantLib library through the Deriscope Excel interface.An OIS contract is very similar to a plain vanilla interest rate swap, the only difference being that each payment in the floating leg is calculated according to a floating number F that equa...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

USD Swaption Pricing in Excel using SABR Stochastic Volatility and Market Vol Cube from CME

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The pricing of exotic interest rate products cannot ignore the so called market volatility cube that is made daily available by several swaption brokers.Traders often use the SABR Stochastic volatility model in order to estimate vols off the provided grid.In this article I will show you how to price an out-of-the-money swaption by applying SABR cal...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

USD Swaption Pricing in Excel using the Bachelier Model and Market Normal Vols from CME

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The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) clears European swaption trades on 3-month USD LIBOR since April 2016 and has thus become the first major exchange that lists Over-The-Counter (OTC) interest rate products with optionality.The standardized swaption contracts have 5 different expiries - 1M, 3M, 6M, 1Y, 2Y – and 7 underlying swap tenors - 1Y, 2Y,...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Swaption Pricing in Excel: 14 Free QuantLib Models plus Implied Volatility Surface and Cube

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Most people are unaware of the fact that free and open source QuantLib comes with a great variety of modelling approaches when it comes to pricing an interest rate European swaption in Excel that surpasses what is offered by expensive commercial products.In fact, 14 different modelling approaches are implemented, whereby the Black approach does not...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Excel Builder and Cash Flow Viewer for Non-Standard Interest Rates Swaps

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Building, pricing and analyzing even non-standard interest rate swaps in Excel becomes a simple exercise when the Deriscope interface to the open source QuantLib analytics library is employed.We have already encountered a simple interest rate swap contract in the Yield Curve Building in Excel using Swap Rates article, where vanilla swaps were used ...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Time for a coffee break? Understanding Time and its implications on Interest Rates

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With this article I want to give you an intuitive feeling of the concept of interest rate and also show you how to work with various types of interest rates – such as a compounded interest rate - in Excel as accurately as market professionals do.Contrary to the four-dimensional space-time of relativistic physics, financial stochastic processes evol...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Yield Curve Building in Excel using Deposits, Futures and Swaps

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With this article I want to show you how to create a yield curve in Excel using the open source QuantLib analytics library, when the input market data are a mixture of deposit rates, futures prices and swap rates.I have already written how you may build a yield curve using a single type of market instruments, such as deposits, futures or swaps...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Yield Curve Building in Excel using Swap Rates

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With this article I want to show you how to create a yield curve in Excel using the open source QuantLib analytics library, when the input market data are swap rates. I will also show you how to apply dual bootstrapping when an exogenous yield curve is present.For short term maturities – typically less than a year – the yield curve may be built out...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Yield Curve Building in Excel using Futures

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With this article I want to show you how to create a yield curve in Excel using the open source QuantLib analytics library, when the input market data are futures prices. The futures convexity will be taken into account.I explained how you may build a yield curve in Excel out of forward rates in my previous article.In reality, forward rates are sel...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Yield Curve Building in Excel using Forward Rates

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With this article I want to show you how to create a yield curve in Excel using the open source QuantLib analytics library, when the input market data are forward rates.My previous article focused on building a yield curve in Excel out of deposit rates in general and Libor rates in particular.These rates cover the short range of the maturity s...
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Ioannis Rigopoulos

Yield Curve Building in Excel using Deposit (LIBOR) Rates

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With this article I want to show you how to create a yield curve in Excel using the open source QuantLib analytics library, when the input market data are deposit rates – such as Libor rates -, which are a special type of interest rates called zero rates. As I describe in my article about interest rates, a deposit rate - effectively the interest ra...
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